GLP ON

CLINICAL STUDIES ON THE FOLLOWING INGREDIENTS:

Vitamin D3

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Prediabetes: A Meta-Analysis¹

Abstract

Clinical research results of vitamin D supplementation in the improvement of prediabetes remain controversial. Accordingly, a literature search was conducted of PubMed, Embase (Ovid), and Web of Science prior to 9 November 2021. Randomized controlled studies reported that the following indicators were included: body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h oral glucose tolerance test plasma glucose (2h-PG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B), and fasting insulin (FINS). Twenty-nine articles (N = 3792) were included in the present meta-analysis. Intriguingly, vitamin D supplementation resulted in a vast improvement in FBG (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.38; 95%CI: -0.59, -0.16), HbA1c (SMD = -0.14; 95%CI: -0.22, -0.06) and FINS (SMD = 0.18; 95%CI: -0.26, -0.09), but not in other outcomes. However, preferred changes were observed in subgroups, as follows: Asia (SMD2h-PG = -0.25, 95%CI: -0.45, -0.04), study duration ≥1 year (SMDHOMA-IR = -0.44, 95%CI: -0.81, -0.06) (SMDHOMA-B = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.66), baseline 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L (SMD2h-PG = -0.23, 95%CI: -0.39, -0.06), and baseline 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L (SMDHOMA-IR = -0.50, 95%CI: -0.96, -0.03). In conclusion, oral supplementation of vitamin D has shown better effects in improving FBG, HbA1c, and FINS compared with controls among prediabetics; long-term vitamin D supplementation could have additional effects in participants with vitamin D deficiency for 2h-PG, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B.

Source: Zhang Y, Xue Y, Zhang D, Liu Y, Xu Z, Gao J, Li W, Li X. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Prediabetes: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 14;13(12):4464. doi: 10.3390/nu13124464. PMID: 34960022; PMCID: PMC8707376

Zinc

Effects of zinc supplementation on diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis²

Abstract

The number of people with diabetes and pre-diabetes are exponentially increasing. Studies on humans have shown the beneficial effects of Zinc supplementation in patients with diabetes. The present study aims to systematically evaluate the literature and meta-analyze the effects of Zinc supplementation on diabetes. A systematic review of published studies reporting the effects of Zinc supplementations on diabetes mellitus was undertaken. The literature search was conducted in the following databases; PubMed, Web of Science and SciVerse Scopus. A meta-analysis of studies examining the effects of Zinc supplementation on clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with diabetes was performed. The total number of articles included in the present review is 25, which included 3 studies on type-1 diabetes and 22 studies on type-2 diabetes. There were 12 studies comparing the effects of Zinc supplementation on fasting blood glucose in patients with type-2 diabetes. The pooled mean difference in fasting blood glucose between Zinc supplemented and placebo groups was 18.13mg/dl (95%CI:33.85,2.41; p<0.05). 2-h post-prandial blood sugar also shows a similar distinct reduction in (34.87mg/dl [95%CI:75.44; 5.69]) the Zinc treated group. The reduction in HbA1c was 0.54% (95%CI:0.86;0.21) in the Zinc treated group. There were 8 studies comparing the effects of Zinc supplementation on lipid parameters in patients with type-2 diabetes. The pooled mean difference for total cholesterol between Zinc supplemented and placebo groups was 32.37mg/dl (95%CI:57.39,7.35; p<0.05). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol also showed a similar distinct reduction in the Zinc treated group, the pooled mean difference from random effects analysis was 11.19mg/dl (95%CI:21.14,1.25; p<0.05). Studies have also shown a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressures after Zinc supplementation. This first comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of Zinc supplementation in patients with diabetes demonstrates that Zinc supplementation has beneficial effects on glycaemic control and promotes healthy lipid parameters. Further studies are required to identify the exact biological mechanisms responsible for these results.

Source: Jayawardena R., Ranasinghe P., Galappatthy P., Malkanthi R.L.D.K., Constantine G.R., Katulanda P. Effects of zinc supplementation on diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2012;4:13. DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-4-13. PMCID: PMC3407731, PMID: 22515411.

Chromium

Chromium supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes and high risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials³

Abstract

Introduction: Chromium is an essential trace mineral for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which is currently prescribed to control diabetes mellitus. Results of previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses of chromium supplementation and metabolic profiles in diabetes have been inconsistent.

Aim: The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the effects on metabolic profiles and safety of chromium supplementation in type 2 diabetes mellitus and cholesterol. Methods: Literature searches in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were made by use of related terms-keywords and randomized clinical trials during the period of 2000-2014.

Results: Thirteen trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Total doses of Cr supplementation and brewer's yeast ranged from 42 to 1,000 μg/day, and duration of supplementation ranged from 30 to 120 days. The analysis indicated that there was a significant effect of chromium supplementation in diabetics on fasting plasma glucose with a weighted average effect size of -29.26 mg/dL, p = 0.01, CI 95% = -52.4 to -6.09; and on total cholesterol with a weighted average effect size of -6.7 mg/dL, p = 0.01, CI 95% = -11.88 to -1.53.

Conclusions: The available evidence suggests favourable effects of chromium supplementation on glycaemic control in patients with diabetes.

Source: San Mauro-Martin I, Ruiz-León AM, Camina-Martín MA, Garicano-Vilar E, Collado-Yurrita L, Mateo-Silleras Bd, Redondo Del Río Mde P. [Chromium supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes and high risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials]. Nutr Hosp. 2016 Feb 16;33(1):27. Spanish. doi: 10.20960/nh.v33i1.27. PMID: 27019254.

Berberine

Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension⁴

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Berberine, extracted from Coptis Root and Phellodendron Chinese, has been frequently used for the adjuvant treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension in China. Safety and efficacy studies in terms of evidence-based medical practice have become more prevalent in application to Chinese Herbal Medicine. It is necessary to assess the efficacy and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and hypertension by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of available clinical data.

Materials and methods: We searched the English databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane library, EMbase, etc., and Chinese databases including China biomedical literature database (CBM), Chinese Technology Journal Full-text Database, Chinese journal full text database (CNKI), and Wanfang digital periodical full text database. Relevant studies were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan5.0 software after data extraction and the quality of studies assessment.

Results: Twenty-seven randomized controlled clinical trials were included with 2569 patients. There are seven subgroups in our meta-analysis: berberine versus placebo or berberine with intensive lifestyle intervention versus intensive lifestyle intervention alone; berberine combined with oral hypoglycemic versus hypoglycemic alone; berberine versus oral hypoglycemic; berberine combined with oral lipid lowering drugs versus lipid lowering drugs alone; berberine versus oral lipid lowering drugs; berberine combined with oral hypotensor versus hypotensive medications; berberine versus oral hypotensive medications. In the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, we found that berberine with lifestyle intervention tended to lower the level of FPG, PPG and HbA1c than lifestyle intervention alone or placebo; the same as berberine combined with oral hypoglycaemics to the same hypoglycaemics; but there was no statistical significance between berberine and oral hypoglycaemics. As for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, berberine with lifestyle intervention was better than lifestyle intervention, berberine with oral lipid lowering drugs was better than lipid lowering drugs alone in reducing the level of TC and LDL-C, and raising the level of HDL-C. In the comparative study between berberine and oral lipid lowering drugs, there was no statistical significance in reducing the level of TC and LDL-C, but berberine shows better effect in lowering the level of TG and raising the level of HDL-C. In the treatment of hypertension, berberine with lifestyle intervention tended to lower the level of blood pressure more than the lifestyle intervention alone or placebo did; The same occurred when berberine combined with oral hypotensor was compared to the same hypotensor. Notably, no serious adverse reaction was reported in the 27 experiments.

Conclusion: This study indicates that berberine has comparable therapeutic effect on type 2 DM, hyperlipidemia and hypertension with no serious side effect. Considering the relatively low cost compared with other first-line medicine and treatment, berberine might be a good alternative for low socioeconomic status patients to treat type 2 DM, hyperlipidemia, hypertension over long time period. Due to overall limited quality of the included studies, the therapeutic benefit of berberine can be substantiated to a limited degree. Better methodological quality, large controlled trials using standardized preparation are expected to further quantify the therapeutic effect of berberine.

Source: Lan J, Zhao Y, Dong F, Yan Z, Zheng W, Fan J, Sun G. Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Feb 23;161:69-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.049. Epub 2014 Dec 10. PMID: 25498346.

Overall and Sex-Specific Effect of Berberine for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials⁵

Abstract

Background

Berberine is a nutraceutical that can improve lipid metabolism. Berberine may also affect sex hormones and exert sex-specific lipid-modifying effects, which have been overlooked. This study aimed to comprehensively review the efficacy and safety of berberine in adults for the treatment of dyslipidemia with consideration of potential sex disparity.

Data Sources We searched Medline, Embase, Wanfang, CNKI, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from inception to 13 December 2022. No language restrictions were applied. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021293218) prior to completing the literature search.

Study Selection Two blinded reviewers assessed studies for inclusion. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials in adults that compared berberine versus placebo, and measured blood lipids or lipoproteins.

Data Extraction and Synthesis Data extraction was performed by two blinded reviewers using a structured form in Covidence. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials. Mean differences (MD) were estimated using inverse variance weighting with random effects models for lipid outcomes using R. Adverse events (AEs) were described narratively.

Main Outcomes Primary outcomes were low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B. Secondary outcomes were gastrointestinal and muscle-related AEs.

Results

Eighteen studies (n = 1788 participants), conducted mainly in mainland China and Hong Kong (15 studies [83%]), were included with treatment durations ranging from 4 to 24 weeks. Berberine reduced LDL cholesterol (− 0.46 mmol/L, 95% CI − 0.62 to − 0.30, 14 studies, n = 1447), total cholesterol (− 0.48 mmol/L, 95% CI − 0.63 to − 0.33, 17 studies, n = 1637), triglycerides (− 0.34 mmol/L, 95% CI − 0.46 to − 0.23, 18 studies, n = 1661) and apolipoprotein B (− 0.25 g/L, 95% CI − 0.40 to − 0.11, 2 studies, n = 127). Berberine increased HDL cholesterol by 0.06 mmol/L (95% CI 0.00 to 0.11, 15 studies, n = 1471). Notably, the effect on HDL cholesterol was different in women (0.11 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.13) from that in men (− 0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI − 0.16 to 0.02). Among 16 studies that reported AEs, no serious AEs were reported for berberine. Gastrointestinal AEs were reported in 12 studies and tended to be more frequent in participants allocated to berberine versus placebo (2–23% vs 2–15%).

Conclusions

Berberine produces small reductions in LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B, with potential sex-specific effects on HDL cholesterol. Large-scale trials that consider sex disparity and assess clinical outcomes are required.

Source: Blais, J.E., Huang, X. & Zhao, J.V. Overall and Sex-Specific Effect of Berberine for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials. Drugs 83, 403–427 (2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-023-01841-4

A Phase I Trial of Berberine in Chinese with Ulcerative Colitis⁶

Abstract

The Chinese natural product, berberine, has biological properties that support its potential efficacy as a colon cancer prevention agent. Its longstanding use in China to treat gastrointestinal tract and rheumatologic disorders is generally regarded as safe, supporting initial investigations in an at-risk population, such as individuals with ulcerative colitis. However, the safety of berberine in this population is not established. Individuals living in China with biopsy-proven ulcerative colitis, ≤grade 2 dysplasia, and with a ulcerative colitis disease activity index (UCDAI) score ≤1 on mesalamine, were randomized 3:1 in a double-blind phase I trial to berberine 900 mg/day or placebo for 3 months, with the primary objective of assessing safety. Blood samples and biopsies of the colorectum, from prespecified locations, were collected prior to and following therapy. Secondary endpoints included changes in UCDAI score, and in tissue and plasma markers of inflammation. Of toxicities at least possibly related, one episode of grade 3 elevation in transaminases and one episode of grade 1 nausea were observed among 12 individuals on berberine, and none were observed among 4 on placebo. The mean plasma berberine concentration was 3.5 nmol/L after berberine treatment, significantly higher than 0.5 nmol/L with placebo. Berberine significantly decreased the Geboes grade in colonic tissue, but had a nonsignificant effect on other tissue or blood biomarkers related to cell growth and inflammation. The combination of berberine and mesalamine is well tolerated in Chinese with ulcerative colitis and may enhance mesalamine's anti-inflammatory effects in colonic tissue.

Source: Xu L, Zhang Y, Xue X, Liu J, Li ZS, Yang GY, Song Y, Pan Y, Ma Y, Hu S, Wen A, Jia Y, Rodriguez LM, Tull MB, Benante K, Khan SA, Cao Y, Jovanovic B, Richmond E, Umar A, Bergan R, Wu K. A Phase I Trial of Berberine in Chinese with Ulcerative Colitis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2020 Jan;13(1):117-126. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0258. Epub 2019 Oct 16. PMID: 31619442.

The Effect of Berberine on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials⁷

Abstract

Objective Rhizoma Coptidis is an herb that has been frequently used in many traditional formulas for the treatment of diabetic mellitus (DM) over thousands of years. Berberine, the main active component of Rhizoma Coptidis, has been demonstrated to have the potential effect of hypoglycemia. To determine the potential advantages of berberine for diabetic care, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the efficacy and safety of berberine in the treatment of patients with type 2 DM. Methods Eight databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Database (SinoMed), Wanfang Database, and Chinese VIP Information was searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting clinical data regarding the use of berberine for the treatment of DM. Publication qualities were also considered to augment the credibility of the evidence. Glycemic metabolisms were the main factors studied, including glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasm glucose (FPG), and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG). Insulin resistance was estimated by fasting blood insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body mass index (BMI). Lipid profiles were also assessed, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), along with inflammation factors such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and adverse events were applied to evaluate the safety of berberine. Results Forty-six trials were assessed. Analysis of berberine applied alone or with standard diabetic therapies versus the control group revealed significant reductions in HbA1c (MD = −0.73; 95% CI (−0.97, −0.51)), FPG (MD = −0.86, 95% CI (−1.10, −0.62)), and 2hPG (MD = −1.26, 95% CI (−1.64, −0.89)). Improved insulin resistance was assessed by lowering FINS (MD = −2.05, 95% CI (−2.62, −1.48)), HOMA-IR (MD = −0.71, 95% CI (−1.03, −0.39)), and BMI (MD = −1.07, 95% CI (−1.76, −0.37)). Lipid metabolisms were also ameliorated via the reduction of TG (MD = −0.5, 95% CI (−0.61, −0.39)), TC (MD = 0.64, 95% CI (−0.78, −0.49)), and LDL (MD = 0.86, 95% CI (−1.06, −0.65)) and the upregulation of HDL (MD = 0.17, 95% CI (0.09, 0.25)). Additionally, berberine improved the inflammation factor. Conclusion There is strong evidence supporting the clinical efficacy and safety of berberine in the treatment of DM, especially as an adjunctive therapy. In the future, this may be used to guide targeted clinical use of berberine and the development of medications seeking to treat patients with T2DM and dyslipidemia.

Source: Guo J., Chen H., Zhang X., Lou W., Zhang P., Qiu Y, Zhang C., Wang Y., Liu W. J. The Effect of Berberine on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2021. DOI: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245249686

Berberine treatment for weight gain in patients with schizophrenia by regulating leptin rather than adiponectin⁸

Abstract

Background: Berberine could improve antipsychotic-induced weight gain in obese cell lines and animal models. This study aimed to exam the effect of berberine on weight gain in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: Each subject who met DSM-IV-TR criteria for schizophrenia had been on stable dose of a single antipsychotic for at least one month. In an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, subjects received either berberine (900 mg per day) or placebo. Anthropometric parameters, leptin and adiponectin were measured at baseline, week 4, and week 8.

Results: A total of 65 patients were enrolled, 49 of which completed the treatment. At the 8th week, the mean weight of patients in the berberine group (N = 27) lost 1.10 kg, while in the placebo group (N = 22) gained 1.45 kg. There were significant differences in body weight (Ftime*group=10.493, P = 0.001), BMI (Ftime*group=9.344, P = 0.002) and leptin (Ftime*group=6.265, P = 0.003). Further, the change of leptin had significant positive correlations with the changes of body weight(r = 0.395, P = 0.041) and BMI(r = 0.389, P = 0.045). There was no significant difference in adverse events between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: This study suggests that berberine is a potential weight loss and weight maintenance drug for patients with schizophrenia. The effect of berberine on weight gain may be related to the regulation of leptin, but not adiponectin.

Source: Qiu Y, Li M, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Jia Q, Li J. Berberine treatment for weight gain in patients with schizophrenia by regulating leptin rather than adiponectin. Asian J Psychiatr. 2022 Jan;67:102896. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102896. Epub 2021 Nov 1. PMID: 34773803.

Effects of berberine on blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis⁹

Abstract

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of Berberine on glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and identify potential factors may modifying the hypoglycemic effect. We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Database to identify randomized controlled trials that investigated the effect of Berberine. We calculated weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Twenty-eight studies were identified for analysis, with a total of 2,313 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The pool data showed that Berberine treatment was associated with a better reduction on FPG (WMD = –0.54 mmol/L, 95% CI: –0.77 to –0.30), PPG (WMD = –0.94 mmol/L, 95% CI: –1.27 to –0.61), and HbA1c (WMD = –0.54 mmol/L, 95% CI: –0.93 to –0.15) than control groups. Subgroup-analyses indicated that effects of Berberine on blood glucose became unremarkable as the treatment lasted more than 90 days, the daily dosage more than 2 g/d and patients aged more than 60 years. The efficiency of Berberine combined with hypoglycaemics is better than either Berberine or hypoglycaemic alone. The dosage and treatment duration of Berberine and patients’ age may modify the effect.

Source: Yaping Liang, Xiaojia Xu, Mingjuan Yin, Yan Zhang, Lingfeng Huang, Ruoling Chen, Jindong Ni, Effects of berberine on blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis, Endocrine Journal, 2019, Volume 66, Issue 1, Pages 51-63, Released on J-STAGE January 28, 2019, Advance online publication November 03, 2018, Online ISSN 1348-4540, Print ISSN 0918-8959, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.EJ18-0109

The Effect of Berberine on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials¹⁰

Abstract

Objective: Rhizoma Coptidis is an herb that has been frequently used in many traditional formulas for the treatment of diabetic mellitus (DM) over thousands of years. Berberine, the main active component of Rhizoma Coptidis, has been demonstrated to have the potential effect of hypoglycemia. To determine the potential advantages of berberine for diabetic care, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the efficacy and safety of berberine in the treatment of patients with type 2 DM.

Methods: Eight databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Database (SinoMed), Wanfang Database, and Chinese VIP Information was searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting clinical data regarding the use of berberine for the treatment of DM. Publication qualities were also considered to augment the credibility of the evidence. Glycemic metabolisms were the main factors studied, including glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasm glucose (FPG), and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG). Insulin resistance was estimated by fasting blood insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body mass index (BMI). Lipid profiles were also assessed, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), along with inflammation factors such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and adverse events were applied to evaluate the safety of berberine.

Results: Forty-six trials were assessed. Analysis of berberine applied alone or with standard diabetic therapies versus the control group revealed significant reductions in HbA1c (MD = -0.73; 95% CI (-0.97, -0.51)), FPG (MD = -0.86, 95% CI (-1.10, -0.62)), and 2hPG (MD = -1.26, 95% CI (-1.64, -0.89)). Improved insulin resistance was assessed by lowering FINS (MD = -2.05, 95% CI (-2.62, -1.48)), HOMA-IR (MD = -0.71, 95% CI (-1.03, -0.39)), and BMI (MD = -1.07, 95% CI (-1.76, -0.37)). Lipid metabolisms were also ameliorated via the reduction of TG (MD = -0.5, 95% CI (-0.61, -0.39)), TC (MD = 0.64, 95% CI (-0.78, -0.49)), and LDL (MD = 0.86, 95% CI (-1.06, -0.65)) and the upregulation of HDL (MD = 0.17, 95% CI (0.09, 0.25)). Additionally, berberine improved the inflammation factor.

Conclusion: There is strong evidence supporting the clinical efficacy and safety of berberine in the treatment of DM, especially as an adjunctive therapy. In the future, this may be used to guide targeted clinical use of berberine and the development of medications seeking to treat patients with T2DM and dyslipidemia.

Source: Guo J, Chen H, Zhang X, Lou W, Zhang P, Qiu Y, Zhang C, Wang Y, Liu WJ. The Effect of Berberine on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Dec 15;2021:2074610. doi: 10.1155/2021/2074610. PMID: 34956436; PMCID: PMC8696197.

Glucose-lowering effect of berberine on type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis¹¹

Abstract

Background: Insulin secretory agents are commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes. However, traditional insulin secretory agents such as sulfonylureas and glinides have side effects of hypoglycemia. In recent years, researchers have discovered that berberine can inhibit the voltage-gated k+ channels of pancreatic β cell membrane and promote insulin secretion without causing hypoglycemia, because the glucose-lowering effects of berberine are only under hyperglycemic conditions or in a high-glucose-dependent manner. In order to shed light on the glucose-lowing effects of berberine in type 2 diabetes with different baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Methods: We searched eight databases, which included PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and the Chinese databases such as Sino-Med, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, for randomized controlled trials, with berberine as the intervention and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as subjects, published up until November 2021. We analyzed the glucose-lowing effects of berberine, including its effects on FPG, HbA1c and 2-h plasma blood glucose (2hPBG), by calculating weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). To assess the safety of berberine, we analyzed the incidence of total adverse events and hypoglycemia by calculating relative risk (RR) and 95% CI.

Results: Thirty-seven studies involving 3,048 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that berberine could reduce FPG (WMD = -0.82 mmol/L, 95% CI (-0.95, -0.70)), HbA1c (WMD = -0.63%, 95% CI (-0.72, -0.53)), and 2hPBG (WMD = -1.16 mmol/L, 95% CI (-1.36, -0.96)), with all results being statistically significant. Subgroup analyses revealed that the glucose-lowering effect of berberine was associated with baseline mean FPG and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes. In addition, berberine alone or in combination with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) in the treatment of T2DM did not significantly increase the incidence of total adverse events (RR = 0.73, 95% CI (0.55, 0.97), p = 0.03) and the risk of hypoglycemia (RR = 0.48, 95% CI (0.21, 1.08), p = 0.08).

Conclusion: Berberine has a glucose-lowering effect, which is related to the baseline FPG and HbA1c levels of patients. Treatment with berberine may be safe since it does not increase the incidence of total adverse events and the risk of hypoglycemia.

Source: Xie Wenting , Su Fugui , Wang Guizhong , Peng Zichong , Xu Yaomin , Zhang Yi , Xu Ningning , Hou Kaijian , Hu Zhuping , Chen Yan , Chen Rongping. Glucose-lowering effect of berberine on type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015045, ISSN=1663-9812

Green coffee bean extract

Effects of Ingesting Both Catechins and Chlorogenic Acids on Glucose, Incretin, and Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial¹²

Abstract

Epidemiologic studies have revealed that consuming green tea or coffee reduces diabetes risk. We evaluated the effects of the combined consumption of green tea catechins and coffee chlorogenic acids (GTC+CCA) on postprandial glucose, the insulin incretin response, and insulin sensitivity. Eleven healthy men were recruited for this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trial. The participants consumed a GTC+CCA-enriched beverage (620 mg GTC, 373 mg CCA, and 119 mg caffeine/day) for three weeks; the placebo beverages (PLA) contained no GTC or CCA (PLA: 0 mg GTC, 0 mg CCA, and 119 mg caffeine/day). Postprandial glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) responses were measured at baseline and after treatments. GTC+CCA consumption for three weeks showed a significant treatment-by-time interaction on glucose changes after the ingestion of high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals, however, it did not affect fasting glucose levels. Insulin sensitivity was enhanced by GCT+CCA compared with PLA. GTC+CCA consumption resulted in a significant increase in postprandial GLP-1 and a decrease in GIP compared to PLA. Consuming a combination of GTC and CCA for three weeks significantly improved postprandial glycemic control, GLP-1 response, and postprandial insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals and may be effective in preventing diabetes.

Source: Yanagimoto A, Matsui Y, Yamaguchi T, Hibi M, Kobayashi S, Osaki N. Effects of Ingesting Both Catechins and Chlorogenic Acids on Glucose, Incretin, and Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. Nutrients. 2022; 14(23):5063. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235063

Coffee polyphenol consumption improves postprandial hyperglycemia associated with impaired vascular endothelial function in healthy male adults¹³

Abstract

Epidemiological studies indicate that habitual coffee consumption lowers the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Postprandial hyperglycemia is a direct and independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We previously demonstrated that coffee polyphenol ingestion increased secretion of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which has been shown to exhibit anti-diabetic and cardiovascular effects. We hypothesized coffee polyphenol consumption may improve postprandial hyperglycemia and vascular endothelial function by increasing GLP-1 release and/or reducing oxidative stress. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a randomized, acute, crossover, intervention study in healthy male adults, measuring blood parameters and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) after ingestion of a meal with or without coffee polyphenol extract (CPE). Nineteen subjects consumed a test meal with either a placebo- or CPE-containing beverage. Blood biomarkers and FMD were measured at fasting and up to 180 minutes postprandially. The CPE beverage led to a significantly lower peak postprandial increase in blood glucose and diacron-reactive oxygen metabolite, and significantly higher postprandial FMD than the placebo beverage. Postprandial blood GLP-1 increase tended to be higher after ingestion of the CPE beverage, compared with placebo. Subclass analysis revealed that the CPE beverage significantly improved postprandial blood GLP-1 response and reduced blood glucose increase in the subjects with a lower insulinogenic index. Correlation analysis showed postprandial FMD was negatively associated with blood glucose increase after ingestion of the CPE beverage. In conclusion, these results suggest that coffee polyphenol consumption improves postprandial hyperglycemia and vascular endothelial function, which is associated with increased GLP-1 secretion and decreased oxidative stress in healthy humans.

Source: Hiroko Jokura, Isamu Watanabe, Mika Umeda, Tadashi Hase, Akira Shimotoyodome, Coffee polyphenol consumption improves postprandial hyperglycemia associated with impaired vascular endothelial function in healthy male adults, Nutrition Research, Volume 35, Issue 10, 2015, Pages 873-881, ISSN 0271-5317, DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.07.005.

African mango seed extract

Effect of Irvingia gabonensis on Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Sensitivity, and Insulin Secretion¹⁴

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Irvingia gabonensis on metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 24 patients with MetS in accordance with the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Twelve patients received I. gabonensis (150 mg) twice a day during 90 days, and 12 patients received placebo. Glucose and insulin concentrations were measured during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Also, lipid profile, creatinine, uric acid, and hepatic enzymes were determined. The area under the curve (AUC) of glucose and insulin, total insulin secretion, first phase of insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity were calculated. Data were tested using non-parametric tests. The Ethics Committee approved the protocol. After I. gabonensis administration, significant decreases in waist circumference (WC) (94.0 ± 8.0 vs. 91.0 ± 8.2 cm, P < .01), glucose 90' (10.0 ± 2.5 vs. 8.6 ± 2.7 mmol/L, P < .05), glucose 120' (8.8 ± 2.4 vs. 7.6 ± 2.7 mmol/L, P < .05), triglycerides (2.5 ± 1.2 vs. 2.0 ± 1.1 mmol/L, P < .05), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) (0.5 ± 0.2 vs. 0.4 ± 0.2 mmol/L, P < .05), and AUC of glucose (694 ± 142 vs. 629 ± 172 mmol/L/min, P < .05) were found. Seven patients (58.3%) of the I. gabonensis group showed remission of MetS and two patients (16.7%) of the placebo group (P = .045). I. gabonensis lead to remission of MetS in 58.3% of the patients and significantly decreased WC, glucose 90', glucose 120', triglycerides, VLDL, and AUC of glucose.

Source: Méndez-Del Villar M, González-Ortiz M, Martínez-Abundis E, Pérez-Rubio KG, Cortez-Navarrete M. Effect of Irvingia gabonensis on Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Sensitivity, and Insulin Secretion. J Med Food. 2018 Jun;21(6):568-574. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0092. Epub 2018 Jan 16. PMID: 29336718.

The Effects of Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extract Supplementation on Anthropometric and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis¹⁵

Abstract

Background: It has been hypothesized that Irvingia gabonensis can promote weight loss by increasing fatty acid breakdown and inhibiting fatty acid synthesis.

Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Irvingia gabonensis seed extract supplementation on weight-related health outcomes. Methods: Literature searches were conducted in 4 databases from January 2018 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of Irvingia gabonensis seed extract supplementation on anthropometric measures and cardiovascular biomarkers. Two investigators independently performed abstract screenings, full-text screenings, data extraction, and risk of bias (ROB) assessments. Random effects meta-analyses were performed when 3 or more RCTs reported the same outcome.

Results: Five RCTs met the eligibility criteria for this systematic review. Four of the 5 RCTs were rated as having a high ROB, and only one RCT was rated as having a low ROB. Random-effects meta-analysis of the 5 RCTs showed that a significant decrease in body weight, body fat, and waist circumference was observed in relation to Irvingia gabonensis seed extract supplementation. However, the only one low-ROB trial did not have significantly different outcomes. Meta-analysis also showed beneficial effects of Irvingia gabonensis seed extract supplementation on total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Only the low-ROB trial showed a trend of increasing HDL-cholesterol levels (net percent change = 11.61%; 95% confidence interval (CI: −6.12%, 29.34%) and decreasing triglyceride levels (net percent change = −29%; 95% CI: −76%, 19%). The reported adverse events were minor in these 5 RCTs.

Conclusions: Overall efficacy of Irvingia gabonensis seed extract supplementation on weight loss seems positive but is limited due to poor methodological quality and the insufficient reporting of the clinical trials. Further high quality RCTs are needed to determine the effectiveness of Irvingia gabonensis seed extract supplement on the weight-related health outcomes.

Source: Lee, J., Chung, M., Fu, Z., Choi, J., & Lee, H. J. (2020). The Effects of Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extract Supplementation on Anthropometric and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 39(5), 388–396. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2019.1691956

Effects of Irvingia gabonensis Extract on Metabolism, Antioxidants, Adipocytokines, Telomere Length, and Aerobic Capacity in Overweight/Obese Individuals¹⁶

Abstract

We investigated the effects of Irvingia gabonensis (IG) kernel extract on the metabolism, adiposity indices, redox status, inflammation, adipocytokines, blood leukocyte relative telomere length (RTL), and aerobic capacity of overweight/obese individuals. All participants used the first 12-week phase to monitor body weight. They were then randomly divided into two groups: (1) 300 mg IG or (2) placebo (PLA). Both groups took one tablet per day for 12 weeks. The variables were measured before supplementation and after 3, 6, and 12 weeks of supplementation. RTL and aerobic capacity were measured before and after 12 weeks. Compared with the PLA, the IG increased plasma vitamin C after supplementation at 6 (p < 0.01) and 12 weeks (p < 0.05) and serum adiponectin after 3 weeks (p < 0.05). Compared with before supplementation, plasma malondialdehyde in the IG and serum leptin in the PLA were decreased after 12-week supplementation, without any differences between the groups. There were no differences between groups with respect to metabolism, inflammation, RTL, and aerobic capacity after the supplementation. We suggest that 12-week daily IG supplementation improved plasma vitamin C and adiponectin. The findings show the possible mechanism contributing to the effect of IG supplementation on a reduction in obesity-related complications.

Source: Nonsa-ard R, Aneknan P, Tong-un T, Honsawek S, Leelayuwat N. Effects of Irvingia gabonensis Extract on Metabolism, Antioxidants, Adipocytokines, Telomere Length, and Aerobic Capacity in Overweight/Obese Individuals. Nutrients. 2022; 14(21):4646. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214646

Eriomin^® citrus flavonoids

Nutraceutical Eriocitrin (Eriomin) Reduces Hyperglycemia by Increasing Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Downregulates Systemic Inflammation: A Crossover-Randomized Clinical Trial¹⁷

Abstract

This double-blind, randomized, placebo/controlled, crossover study evaluated the efficacy of Eriomin® in reducing hyperglycemia and improving diabetes-related biomarkers in individuals with hyperglycemia above 110 mg/dL (mean 123 ± 18 mg/dL). Subjects (n = 30), divided into two groups (Eriomin or Placebo), who received a dose of 200 mg/d of the designated supplement for 12 weeks and, after a washout period of 2 weeks, switched to the other supplement in the following 12 weeks. Assessments of biochemical, metabolic, inflammatory, blood pressure, anthropometry, and dietary parameters were performed at the beginning and end of each intervention. Treatment with 200 mg/d of Eriomin significantly decreased blood glucose (−5%), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (−11%), glucagon (−13%), interleukin-6 (−14%), tumor necrosis factor alpha (−20%), and alkaline phosphatase (−13%); but increased glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) by (17%) (P ≤ .05). At the end of the placebo period, there was a 13% increase in triglycerides (P ≤ .05). Other parameters evaluated did not change with Eriomin or placebo. In conclusion, intervention with Eriomin benefited the glycemic control of prediabetic and diabetic patients, with higher blood glucose levels, by increasing GLP-1 and decreasing systemic inflammation.

Source: Thais Borges Cesar, Fernanda Maria Manzini Ramos, and Carolina Barbosa Ribeiro. Nutraceutical Eriocitrin (Eriomin) Reduces Hyperglycemia by Increasing Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Downregulates Systemic Inflammation: A Crossover-Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Medicinal Food, 9 November 2022. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0181

Lemon flavonoids nutraceutical (Eriomin^®) attenuates prediabetes intestinal dysbiosis: A double-blind randomized controlled trial¹⁸

Abstract

Eriocitrin (eriodictyol 7-O-β-rutinoside), a citrus flavonoid from lemon juice and peel, reduces hyperglycemia and improves diabetes-related biomarkers in prediabetes patients. Eriocitrin is first metabolized by gut microbiota, producing energy for gut cells and short chain fatty acids that play a relevant role in glycemic control. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Eriomin®, a nutraceutical composed of 70% eriocitrin, 5% hesperidin, and 4% naringin, on the microbiota of prediabetic patients. Patients were randomly divided into two groups and received unlabeled capsules of Eriomin® (200 mg/day) or placebo during 12 weeks. After treatment with the nutraceutical, it was a 6% decrease of hyperglycemia and 22% increase of GLP-1 blood levels of (p < .05). The profile of intestinal microorganisms, obtained by 16S rRNA sequencing of the patients' feces extract, showed changes in microbiota composition, such as lower growth of Firmicutes and less abundance of the Lachnospiraceae family. The family Ruminococcaceae increased and Blautia genus reduced with Eriomin® supplementation. In additional, Blautia was positively correlated with hyperglycemia reduction. In conclusion, the nutraceutical Eriomin® moderately reduced the growth of microorganisms associated with intestinal dysbiosis and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria. Changes promoted mainly by the flavonoid eriocitrin in the microbiota were related to a lower glycemic level and increased production of GLP-1 in patients with prediabetes.

Source: Ramos, F. M. M., Ribeiro, C. B., Cesar, T. B., Milenkovic, D., Cabral, L., Noronha, M. F., & Sivieri, K. (2023). Lemon flavonoids nutraceutical (Eriomin®) attenuates prediabetes intestinal dysbiosis: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Food Science & Nutrition, 11, 7283–7295. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3654

Effectiveness of Eriomin^® in managing hyperglycemia and reversal of prediabetes condition: A double-blind, randomized, controlled study¹⁹

Abstract

This study evaluated the potential effectiveness of different doses of Eriomin® on hyperglycemia and insulin resistance associated with other metabolic biomarkers in prediabetic individuals. Prediabetes patients (n = 103, 49 ± 10 years) were randomly divided into four parallel groups: (a) Placebo; (b) Eriomin 200 mg; (c) Eriomin 400 mg; and (d) Eriomin 800 mg. Assessment of biochemical, metabolic, inflammatory, hepatic, renal, anthropometric markers, blood pressure, and dietary parameters were performed during 12 weeks of intervention. Treatment with all doses of Eriomin (200, 400, and 800 mg) had similar effects and altered significantly the following variables: blood glucose (−5%), insulin resistance (−7%), glucose intolerance (−7%), glycated hemoglobin (−2%), glucagon (−6.5%), C-peptide (−5%), hsCRP (−12%), interleukin-6 (−13%), TNFα (−11%), lipid peroxidation (−17%), systolic blood pressure (−8%), GLP-1 (+15%), adiponectin (+19%), and antioxidant capacity (+6%). Eriomin or placebo did not influence the anthropometric and dietary variables. Short-term intervention with Eriomin, at doses of 200, 400, or 800 mg/day, benefited glycemic control, reduced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, and reversed the prediabetic condition in 24% of the evaluated patients.

Source: Ribeiro CB, Ramos FM, Manthey JA, Cesar TB. Effectiveness of Eriomin® in managing hyperglycemia and reversal of prediabetes condition: A double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Phytotherapy Research. 2019; 33: 1921–1933. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6386

Cayenne pepper (Capsaicin)

The effects of capsaicin intake on weight loss among overweight and obese subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials²⁰

Abstract

Animal studies have shown that capsaicin plays a positive role in weight management. However, the results in human research are controversial. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of capsaicin on weight loss in adults. We searched PubMed, Embase, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Cochrane library and clinical registration centre, identifying all randomised controlled trials (RCT) published in English and Chinese to 3 May 2022. A random-effect model was used to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95 % CI. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by the Cochran Q statistic and I-squared tests (I2). Statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 15.1. P-values < 0·05 were considered as statistically significant. From 2377 retrieved studies, fifteen studies were finally included in the meta-analyses. Fifteen RCT with 762 individuals were included in our meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, the supplementation of capsaicin resulted in significant reduction on BMI (WMD: −0·25 kg/m2, 95 % CI = –0·35, –0·15 kg/m2, P < 0·05), body weight (BW) (WMD: −0·51 kg, 95 % CI = –0·86, –0·15 kg, P < 0·05) and waist circumference (WC) (WMD: −1·12 cm, 95 % CI = –2·00, –0·24 cm, P < 0·05). We found no detrimental effect of capsaicin on waist-to-hip ratio (WMD: −0·05, 95 % CI = –0·17, 0·06, P > 0·05). The current meta-analysis suggests that capsaicin supplementation may have rather modest effects in reducing BMI, BW and WC for overweight or obese individuals.

Source: Zhang W, Zhang Q, Wang L, et al. The effects of capsaicin intake on weight loss among overweight and obese subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Nutrition. 2023;130(9):1645-1656. doi:10.1017/S0007114523000697

Could capsaicinoids help to support weight management? A systematic review and meta-analysis of energy intake data²¹

Abstract

Objective: Capsaicinoids are a group of chemicals naturally occurring in chilli peppers with bioactive properties that may help to support weight management. The aim of the present study was to conduct a meta-analysis investigating the potential effects of capsaicinoids on energy intake, to clarify previous observations and form evidence-based conclusions about possible weight management roles.

Methods: Medical databases (Medline, Web of Knowledge and Scopus) were systematically searched for papers. Search terms were: ‘capsaicin ’ or ‘red pepper’ or ‘chilli ’ or ‘chili ’ with ’satiety’ or ‘energy intake’. Of the seventy-four clinical trials identified, 10 were included, 8 of which provided results suitable to be combined in analysis (191 participants). From the studies, 19 effect sizes were extracted and analysed using MIX meta-analysis software.

Results: Data analysis showed that capsaicinoid ingestion prior to a meal reduced ad libitum energy intake by 309.9 kJ (74.0 kcal) p < 0.001 during the meal. Results, however, should be viewed with some caution as heterogeneity was high (I 2 = 75.7%). Study findings suggest a minimum dose of 2 mg of capsaicinoids is needed to contribute to reductions in ad libitum energy intake, which appears to be attributed to an altered preference for carbohydrate-rich foods over foods with a higher fat content.

Conclusions: Meta-anlysis findings suggest that daily consumption of capsaicinoids may contribute to weight management through reductions in energy intake. Subsequently, there may be potential for capsaicinoids to be used as long-term, natural weight-loss aids. Further long-term randomised trials are now needed to investigate these effects.

Source: Whiting, S.; Derbyshire, E.J.; Tiwari, B. . (2014). Could capsaicinoids help to support weight management? A systematic review and meta-analysis of energy intake data. Appetite, 73(), 183–188. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.11.00

Capsaicinoids and capsinoids. A potential role for weight management? A systematic review of the evidence²²

Abstract

Capsaicinoids are a group of chemicals found in chilli peppers, with bioactive properties. The purpose of this study is to systematically review research investigating the potential benefits capsaicinoid compounds may have in relation to weight management. Medical databases were searched and 90 trials found, 20 of which were selected for inclusion, involving 563 participants. Three main areas of potential benefit for weight management were found: (1) increased energy expenditure; (2) increased lipid oxidation and (3) reduced appetite. Trial duration, dosage and sized varied, though trials were generally of high quality with a low risk of bias. It was observed that consumption of capsaicinoids increases energy expenditure by approximately 50 kcal/day, and that this would produce clinically significant levels of weight loss in 1–2 years. It was also observed that regular consumption significantly reduced abdominal adipose tissue levels and reduced appetite and energy intake. The mechanism of action is not presently fully understood, although it is well accepted much of the effects are caused by stimulation of the TRPV1 receptor. While capsaicinoids are not a magic bullet for weight loss, the evidence is that they could play a beneficial role, as part of a weight management program.

Source: Stephen Whiting, Emma Derbyshire, B.K. Tiwari, Capsaicinoids and capsinoids. A potential role for weight management? A systematic review of the evidence, Appetite, Volume 59, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 341-348, ISSN 0195-6663, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.05.015

Akkermansia Muciniphila

Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: a proof-of-concept exploratory study²³

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a constellation of comorbidities that predispose individuals to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular pathologies as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus. The gut microbiota is a new key contributor involved in the onset of obesity-related disorders. In humans, studies have provided evidence for a negative correlation between Akkermansia muciniphila abundance and overweight, obesity, untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Since the administration of A. muciniphila has never been investigated in humans, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study in overweight/obese insulin-resistant volunteers; 40 were enrolled and 32 completed the trial. The primary end points were safety, tolerability and metabolic parameters (that is, insulin resistance, circulating lipids, visceral adiposity and body mass). Secondary outcomes were gut barrier function (that is, plasma lipopolysaccharides) and gut microbiota composition. In this single-center study, we demonstrated that daily oral supplementation of 1010 A. muciniphila bacteria either live or pasteurized for three months was safe and well tolerated. Compared to placebo, pasteurized A. muciniphila improved insulin sensitivity (+28.62 ± 7.02%, P = 0.002), and reduced insulinemia (−34.08 ± 7.12%, P = 0.006) and plasma total cholesterol (−8.68 ± 2.38%, P = 0.02). Pasteurized A. muciniphila supplementation slightly decreased body weight (−2.27 ± 0.92 kg, P = 0.091) compared to the placebo group, and fat mass (−1.37 ± 0.82 kg, P = 0.092) and hip circumference (−2.63 ± 1.14 cm, P = 0.091) compared to baseline. After three months of supplementation, A. muciniphila reduced the levels of the relevant blood markers for liver dysfunction and inflammation while the overall gut microbiome structure was unaffected. In conclusion, this proof-of-concept study (clinical trial no. NCT02637115) shows that the intervention was safe and well tolerated and that supplementation with A. muciniphila improves several metabolic parameters.

Source: Depommier, C., Everard, A., Druart, C. et al. Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: a proof-of-concept exploratory study. Nat Med 25, 1096–1103 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0495-2

Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacteria against obesity and its relationship with diet. Systematic review²⁴

Abstract

The anaerobic bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila has demonstrated its role in regulating metabolism and markers of inflammation since its discovery. It is a Gram-negative bacteria that is classified within the phylum Verrucomicrobiae. It is recognized as a non-pathogenic bacteria, devoid of virulence factors and lacking a significant interaction with the host that leads to infection or disease. It is part of the human intestinal microbiome and its highest concentration is found in individuals of normal weight. A systematic review was performed to analyze clinical dietary interventions examining the association between obesity phenotype or status and the concentration of A. muciniphila in the intestinal microbiota, after specific nutritional modifications in overweight human patients. The search for articles was carried out using Pubmed and Clinicalkey as search engines. The Boolean terminology ((Akkermansia muciniphila) and (obesity)) and (intervention or nutrition or diet or nutrient) was used to select articles relevant to our research. Of the 301 original articles identified, only those involving dietary interventions in humans were selected. The results indicate that increasing A. muciniphila (either through direct supplementation or dietary intervention) was associated with beneficial effects such as decreased inflammation, reduced cardiovascular risk, increased insulin sensitivity, and reduced cholesterol levels. In conclusion, further interventions in humans are needed to determine the benefits and risks of increasing A. muciniphila concentrations.

Source: Montesino C.A., Sanchez A.A., Granados M. A. D., Ponce R.G., Flores A.S. Garcia O.C.R. Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacteria against obesity and its relationship with diet. Systematic review. 2024, MLS-Health & Nutrition Research, DOI: 10.60134/mlshn.v3n1.2741, ISSN: 2603-5820

GLP ON

CLINICAL STUDIES ON THE FOLLOWING INGREDIENTS:

Vitamin D3

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Prediabetes: A Meta-Analysis1

Abstract

Zinc

Effects of zinc supplementation on diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis2

Abstract

Chromium

Chromium supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes and high risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials3

Abstract

Berberine

Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension4

Abstract

Overall and Sex-Specific Effect of Berberine for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials5

Abstract

A Phase I Trial of Berberine in Chinese with Ulcerative Colitis6

Abstract

The Effect of Berberine on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials7

Abstract

Berberine treatment for weight gain in patients with schizophrenia by regulating leptin rather than adiponectin8

Abstract

Effects of berberine on blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis9

Abstract

The Effect of Berberine on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials10

Abstract

Glucose-lowering effect of berberine on type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis11

Abstract

Green coffee bean extract

Effects of Ingesting Both Catechins and Chlorogenic Acids on Glucose, Incretin, and Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial12

Abstract

Coffee polyphenol consumption improves postprandial hyperglycemia associated with impaired vascular endothelial function in healthy male adults13

Abstract

African mango seed extract

Effect of Irvingia gabonensis on Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Sensitivity, and Insulin Secretion14

Abstract

The Effects of Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extract Supplementation on Anthropometric and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis15

Abstract

Effects of Irvingia gabonensis Extract on Metabolism, Antioxidants, Adipocytokines, Telomere Length, and Aerobic Capacity in Overweight/Obese Individuals16

Abstract

Eriomin® citrus flavonoids

Nutraceutical Eriocitrin (Eriomin) Reduces Hyperglycemia by Increasing Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Downregulates Systemic Inflammation: A Crossover-Randomized Clinical Trial17

Abstract

Lemon flavonoids nutraceutical (Eriomin®) attenuates prediabetes intestinal dysbiosis: A double-blind randomized controlled trial18

Abstract

Effectiveness of Eriomin® in managing hyperglycemia and reversal of prediabetes condition: A double-blind, randomized, controlled study19

Abstract

Cayenne pepper (Capsaicin)

The effects of capsaicin intake on weight loss among overweight and obese subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials20

Abstract

Could capsaicinoids help to support weight management? A systematic review and meta-analysis of energy intake data21

Abstract

Capsaicinoids and capsinoids. A potential role for weight management? A systematic review of the evidence22

Abstract

Akkermansia Muciniphila

Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: a proof-of-concept exploratory study23

Abstract

Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacteria against obesity and its relationship with diet. Systematic review24

Abstract

References:

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Prediabetes: A Meta-Analysis¹

Effects of zinc supplementation on diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis²

Chromium supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes and high risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials³

Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension⁴

Overall and Sex-Specific Effect of Berberine for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials⁵

A Phase I Trial of Berberine in Chinese with Ulcerative Colitis⁶

The Effect of Berberine on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials⁷

Berberine treatment for weight gain in patients with schizophrenia by regulating leptin rather than adiponectin⁸

Effects of berberine on blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis⁹

The Effect of Berberine on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials¹⁰

Glucose-lowering effect of berberine on type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis¹¹

Effects of Ingesting Both Catechins and Chlorogenic Acids on Glucose, Incretin, and Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial¹²

Coffee polyphenol consumption improves postprandial hyperglycemia associated with impaired vascular endothelial function in healthy male adults¹³

Effect of Irvingia gabonensis on Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Sensitivity, and Insulin Secretion¹⁴

The Effects of Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extract Supplementation on Anthropometric and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis¹⁵

Effects of Irvingia gabonensis Extract on Metabolism, Antioxidants, Adipocytokines, Telomere Length, and Aerobic Capacity in Overweight/Obese Individuals¹⁶

Eriomin^® citrus flavonoids

Nutraceutical Eriocitrin (Eriomin) Reduces Hyperglycemia by Increasing Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Downregulates Systemic Inflammation: A Crossover-Randomized Clinical Trial¹⁷

Lemon flavonoids nutraceutical (Eriomin^®) attenuates prediabetes intestinal dysbiosis: A double-blind randomized controlled trial¹⁸

Effectiveness of Eriomin^® in managing hyperglycemia and reversal of prediabetes condition: A double-blind, randomized, controlled study¹⁹

The effects of capsaicin intake on weight loss among overweight and obese subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials²⁰

Could capsaicinoids help to support weight management? A systematic review and meta-analysis of energy intake data²¹

Capsaicinoids and capsinoids. A potential role for weight management? A systematic review of the evidence²²

Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: a proof-of-concept exploratory study²³

Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacteria against obesity and its relationship with diet. Systematic review²⁴