Matcha
CLINICAL STUDIES ON THE FOLLOWING INGREDIENTS:
Exploring the Health Benefits of Matcha: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract
This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of matcha's biological properties and its potential health benefits. Despite its rising popularity and promising nutritional profile, matcha has not received as much academic attention as traditional green tea. Studies show that matcha exhibits anticancer, neuroprotective, cardio-metabolic, and gut microbiome-modulating properties, along with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This review summarizes the latest research findings, highlighting that while animal studies are promising, human research remains limited, emphasizing the need for further randomized controlled trials.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords such as "matcha", "catechin", "EGCG", “cognitive function”, and "green tea"
Results: Matcha's consumption has been linked to anticancer effects, enhanced cognitive function, improved cardio-metabolic health, modulation of the gut microbiome, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Studies include in vitro, in vivo, and human trials demonstrating matcha's potential in various health areas.
Conclusion: Matcha, a powdered green tea of Japanese origin, possesses numerous bioactive compounds that positively affect the human organism. While animal studies suggest significant benefits, the state of knowledge regarding its effect on human health remains limited. More randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate its full potential, encouraging further research and promoting its inclusion in the diet.
Source: KORN, Aleksandra, JĘDRZEJCZYK, Justyna, et al. Exploring the Health Benefits of Matcha: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2024;68:51235.
The therapeutic potential of matcha tea: A critical review on human and animal studies
Abstract
This review explores the health benefits of matcha tea, a powdered form of Japanese green tea, including its effects on cognitive function, cardio-metabolic health, and anti-tumorogenesis. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) show that matcha reduces stress and enhances attention and memory, but results are contradictory. Cardio-metabolic effects are better established in animal studies, showing decreased weight gain, improved glucose and lipid profiles, and reduced inflammatory cytokines. Limited evidence supports matcha's anti-tumor function, affecting proliferation and cell cycle regulation in breast cancer cells. Overall, the evidence is limited, warranting further research.
Methods: A critical review of existing literature on matcha tea, focusing on its impact on cognitive function, cardio-metabolic health, and anti-tumor potential through analysis of various human and animal studies.
Results: Matcha demonstrates the ability to decrease stress and anxiety, enhance memory, and improve short- and long-term cognitive function, but results vary. In mice, it improves lipid profile, glucose metabolism, and reduces inflammation. In vitro studies suggest an anti-tumor effect by reducing viability and disrupting cell cycle regulation of breast cancer cells.
Conclusion: While promising, evidence regarding matcha's effects on cognitive function, cardio-metabolic health, and anti-tumor activity is limited. More robust human randomized controlled trials and additional animal studies are necessary to confirm these benefits and draw definitive conclusions.
Source: Sara Sokary, Maha Al-Asmakh, Zain Zakaria, Hiba Bawadi. The therapeutic potential of matcha tea: A critical review on human and animal studies. PMCID: PMC9792400, PMID: 36582446
Health Benefits and Chemical Composition of Matcha Green Tea: A Review
Abstract
This review explores the traditional cultivation and chemical composition of matcha green tea, emphasizing its high concentration of bioactive compounds like theanine, caffeine, chlorophyll, and various catechins, especially EGCG. The unique shading process enhances the synthesis of these compounds, resulting in potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Regular consumption of matcha may prevent diseases and improve physical and mental health by supporting cognitive function. The review systematically presents matcha's main bioactive compounds and their health-promoting effects.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to compile the health benefits of matcha tea, focusing on its main bioactive compounds in a systematic manner.
Results: Matcha is rich in natural antioxidants like polyphenols, with catechins being the most abundant, especially EGCG. It also contains caffeine, phenolic acids, rutin, quercetin, vitamin C, chlorophyll, and theanine. These components contribute to matcha’s anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antiviral, cognitive-enhancing, and carbohydrate metabolism-regulating properties.
Conclusion: Matcha contains high amounts of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, offering promising health benefits mainly through its high catechin concentration. Regular consumption may support overall health and disease prevention. Further research is needed to explore its effects on specific disease entities and to confirm the validity of recommendations for increased matcha consumption.
Source: Kochman J, Jakubczyk K, Antoniewicz J, Mruk H, Janda K. Health Benefits and Chemical Composition of Matcha Green Tea: A Review. Molecules. 2020 Dec 27;26(1):85. doi: 10.3390/molecules26010085. PMID: 33375458; PMCID: PMC7796401.
The effects of the aqueous extract and residue of Matcha on the antioxidant status and lipid and glucose levels in mice fed a high-fat diet
Abstract
This study investigates the preventive effects of the water-soluble extract and water-insoluble residue of Matcha on antioxidant status, lipid, and glucose levels in mice fed a high-fat diet. Different groups of mice were fed seven experimental diets for 4 weeks, including a normal control, high-fat diet, and high-fat diet supplemented with varying concentrations of Matcha, its aqueous extract, or its residue. Results indicated that the high-dose Matcha group had significantly decreased serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels compared to the high-fat group.
Methods: Mice were divided into seven groups and fed different diets for 4 weeks: normal control, high-fat diet, and high-fat diet supplemented with 0.025% Matcha (MLD), 0.05% Matcha (MMD), 0.075% Matcha (MHD), 0.05% Matcha aqueous extract (ME), or 0.05% Matcha residue (MR). Serum and liver samples were collected and analyzed to measure various parameters like lipid profiles, blood glucose, and antioxidant enzyme activities.
Results: The high-dose Matcha (MHD) group showed significantly decreased serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels and elevated high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), while low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was suppressed, compared to the high-fat group. Matcha also significantly lowered blood glucose levels and improved superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MAD) contents in both serum and liver. The serum GSH-Px activity showed that Matcha could reverse the oxidative stress caused by the high-fat diet. The water-insoluble part of Matcha also played a vital role in suppressing diet-induced high lipid and glucose levels.
Conclusion: Matcha has beneficial effects by suppressing blood glucose accumulation and promoting lipid metabolism and antioxidant activities. The water-insoluble part of Matcha plays a crucial role in suppressing diet-induced high levels of lipid and glucose.
Source: Xu P, Ying L, Hong G, Wang Y. The effects of the aqueous extract and residue of Matcha on the antioxidant status and lipid and glucose levels in mice fed a high-fat diet. Food Funct. 2016;7(1):294-300. doi: 10.1039/c5fo00828j. PMID: 26448271
Effects of simultaneous intakes of fish oil and green tea extracts on plasma, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and adiponectin and on liver lipid concentrations in mice fed low- and high-fat diets
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of simultaneous intake of fish oil and green tea extracts (GTE) on plasma lipids, glucose (Glu), insulin, C-peptide, adiponectin concentrations, and liver lipids in mice fed low- and high-fat diets. The results suggest that combined intake of fish oil and GTE can improve plasma and liver lipid and plasma Glu profiles in mice fed a high-fat diet without negative interactions.
Methods: Male mice were fed low-fat (5%) or high-fat (20%) diets containing 0%, 1%, or 5% fish oil with or without 1% GTE for 3 months. Plasma and liver samples were collected to analyze lipid profiles, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and adiponectin concentrations.
Results: Combined intakes of fish oil and GTE significantly lowered plasma and liver total cholesterol (T-chol) and triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations in mice on high-fat diets. Fish oil, but not GTE, significantly lowered plasma glucose concentrations in both low- and high-fat diets. GTE had minimal influence on plasma insulin, C-peptide, and adiponectin concentrations, but fish oil supplementation increased adiponectin concentration. GTE addition had no adverse effects on the reductions achieved by fish oil.
Conclusion: The study concludes that simultaneous intake of fish oil and GTE can improve plasma and liver lipid and plasma glucose profiles in mice fed a high-fat diet without any negative interactions between fish oil and GTE.
Source: Shirai N, Suzuki H. Effects of simultaneous intakes of fish oil and green tea extracts on plasma, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and adiponectin and on liver lipid concentrations in mice fed low- and high-fat diets. Ann Nutr Metab. 2008;53(1):48-55. doi: 10.1159/000140516. PMID: 18562791
Matcha, a powdered green tea, ameliorates the progression of renal and hepatic damage in type 2 diabetic OLETF rats
Abstract
This study investigates the preventive effects of Matcha, a powdered green tea, on the progression of hepatic and renal damage in type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. OLETF rats were orally administered Matcha at varying doses for 16 weeks. The study assessed biochemical parameters and the expression levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the serum, liver, and kidney. Results suggest that Matcha protects against hepatic and renal damage by suppressing renal AGE accumulation, decreasing hepatic glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels, and through its antioxidant activities.
Methods: Type 2 diabetic OLETF rats were orally administered Matcha (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day) for 16 weeks. Serum, liver, and kidney samples were collected to measure biochemical parameters, expression levels of AGEs, receptor for AGE (RAGE), and sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs)-1 and -2.
Results: Matcha administration significantly increased serum total protein levels, lowered glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels in the serum and liver, and renal AGE levels. It also decreased serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels and the renal CML, CEL, and RAGE expressions. Additionally, Matcha increased hepatic SREBP-2 expression but not SREBP-1.
Conclusion: Matcha protects against hepatic and renal damage in type 2 diabetic rats through the suppression of renal AGE accumulation, decreasing hepatic glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels, and through its antioxidant activities.
Source: Yamabe N, Kang KS, Hur JM, Yokozawa T. Matcha, a powdered green tea, ameliorates the progression of renal and hepatic damage in type 2 diabetic OLETF rats. J Med Food. 2009 Oct;12(5):1113-20. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2008.1282. PMID: 19735169
Matcha alleviates obesity by modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites
Abstract
This study investigates how matcha impacts obesity by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites, given the significant link between gut microbiota, metabolites, and obesity. Using 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics on mice cecal contents, the study explored potential mechanisms responsible for matcha’s positive effects on obesity. Results indicate that matcha mitigates the detrimental impacts of a high-fat diet (HFD) on physiological indicators like body weight, adipose tissue weight, serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, and glucose tolerance. Matcha influenced both the composition of gut microbiota and gut metabolites, reversing alterations in obesity-improving and obesity-promoting bacteria and impacting the levels of metabolites within the gastrointestinal tract.
Methods: Mice were subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to examine cecal contents. Correlation analysis was used to explore potential mechanisms behind matcha’s effects on obesity. High-fat diet (HFD) was used to induce obesity. The effect of matcha consumption was analyzed based on gut microbiota and metabolite alterations.
Results: Matcha mitigated the detrimental impacts of a high-fat diet (HFD) on physiological indicators in mice, including body weight, adipose tissue weight, serum total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, as well as glucose tolerance. Matcha reversed alterations in the abundance of certain obesity-improving bacteria (Alloprevotella, Ileibacterium, and Rikenella) and obesity-promoting bacteria (Romboutsia). Matcha influenced levels of metabolites (formononetin, glutamic acid, pyroglutamic acid, and taurochenodeoxycholate) and enhanced caffeine metabolism and the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Formononetin, theobromine, 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid, and Vitamin C displayed negative correlation with obesity and obesity-exacerbating microbiota but positive correlations with obesity-alleviating microbiota.
Conclusion: Matcha's impact on gut metabolites may be attributed to its modulation of the abundance of Alloprevotella, Ileibacterium, Rikenella, and Romboutsia within the gastrointestinal tract, thereby potentially contributing to the amelioration of obesity.
Source: Luo Y, Wen Y, Huang J, et al. Matcha alleviates obesity by modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024 Feb 1;64(3):836-846. doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100823. PMID: 39253721; PMCID: PMC11381447.
Matcha green tea targets the gut-liver axis to alleviate obesity and metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet
Abstract
This study explores the potential of matcha green tea, rich in tea polyphenols, theanine, and caffeine, in ameliorating metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups with dietary supplementation for 8 weeks: normal chow diet (NCD), normal chow diet + 1.0% matcha (NCM), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet + 1.0% matcha (HFM). Results demonstrated that matcha green tea ameliorated the development of obesity, lipid accumulation, and hepatic steatosis induced by the HFD. Matcha also restored alterations in fecal bile acid profile and gut microbial composition and significantly regulated multiple metabolic pathways involved in glucose, lipid, and bile acid metabolism in hepatocytes. These findings present new evidence for matcha as an effective nutritional strategy to mitigate obesity and relevant metabolic disorders through targeting the gut-liver axis.
Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups and fed the following diets for 8 weeks: normal chow diet (NCD), normal chow diet + 1.0% matcha (NCM), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet + 1.0% matcha (HFM). Obesity and metabolic parameters were assessed, along with fecal bile acid profiles, gut microbial composition, and mRNA expression levels in hepatocytes.
Results: Matcha green tea ameliorated the development of obesity, lipid accumulation, and hepatic steatosis induced by the HFD. Dietary matcha supplementation restored alterations in the fecal bile acid profile and gut microbial composition. Matcha intervention made significant regulatory changes on multiple metabolic pathways involved in glucose, lipid, and bile acid metabolism.
Conclusion: Matcha green tea is an effective nutritional strategy to mitigate obesity and relevant metabolic disorders through targeting the gut-liver axis.
Source: Wang Y, Yu Y, Ding L, Xu P, Zhou J. Matcha green tea targets the gut-liver axis to alleviate obesity and metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet. Front Nutr. 2022;9:931060. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.931060. PMID: 35978960; PMCID: PMC9376390.
Matcha Green Tea Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Regulating Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Responses
Abstract
This study investigates the mechanisms by which matcha green tea prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet with or without simultaneous matcha treatment for six weeks, and serum biochemical parameters, histological changes, lipid accumulation, inflammatory cytokines, and related indicators were examined. The study showed that dietary matcha supplementation effectively prevented excessive accumulation of visceral and hepatic lipid, elevated blood glucose, dyslipidemia, abnormal liver function, and steatosis hepatitis.
Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet and simultaneously treated with matcha for six weeks. Serum biochemical parameters, histological changes, lipid accumulation, inflammatory cytokines, and relevant indicators were examined. RNA sequencing analyses were performed on differentially expressed genes in liver samples.
Results: Dietary supplementation of matcha effectively prevented excessive accumulation of visceral and hepatic lipid, elevated blood glucose, dyslipidemia, abnormal liver function, and steatosis hepatitis. RNA sequencing analyses indicated that matcha treatment decreased the activity of lipid droplet-associated proteins and increased the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes in liver samples.
Conclusion: The study provides evidence for new dietary strategies based on matcha supplementation to ameliorate lipotoxicity-induced obesity and NAFLD.
Source: Zhou J, Yu Y, Ding L, Xu P, Wang Y. Matcha Green Tea Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Regulating Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Responses. Nutrients. 2021 Jun 19;13(6):1950. doi: 10.3390/nu13061950. PMID: 34204055; PMCID: PMC8226714.
Matcha green tea prevents obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation via suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway
Abstract
This study examines matcha's potential to regulate obesity-related metabolic syndrome, specifically focusing on the regulation mechanism in the central nervous system. A high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model was established, and the results indicated that dietary supplementation with matcha effectively inhibited weight gain, fat accumulation, glycemia and lipidemia increase, and excessive activation of microglia in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Additionally, matcha ethanol extracts reduced inflammatory cytokine release and the expression/phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in microglial BV-2 cells.
Methods: A high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model was established, and dietary supplementation with matcha was administered. The weight gain, fat accumulation, glycemia and lipidemia increase, and excessive activation of microglia in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus was measured. Furthermore, matcha ethanol extracts were prepared, and their effects on palmitic acid-induced inflammation of microglial BV-2 cells were investigated by measuring inflammatory cytokine release and JAK2/STAT3 expression and phosphorylation.
Results: Dietary supplementation with matcha effectively inhibited weight gain, fat accumulation, glycemia and lipidemia increase, and excessive activation of microglia in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Matcha ethanol extracts significantly reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines and the expression and phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3.
Conclusion: Matcha green tea can prevent obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation by suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Source: Zhou J, Lin H, Xu P, Yao L, Xie Q, Mao L, Wang Y. Matcha green tea prevents obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation via suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Food Funct. 2020 Nov 25;11(11):9626-9635. doi: 10.1039/d0fo01500h. PMID: 33001081.
The effect of green tea intake on risk of liver disease: a meta-analysis
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the body of evidence related to green tea consumption on the risk of liver disease and determine its effectiveness. Meta-analysis revealed that green tea drinkers had a significant reduction in the risk of liver disease, extending to hepatocellular carcinoma, liver steatosis, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and chronic liver disease. This trend was observed regardless of race. The study concludes that green tea intake reduces the risk of liver disease.
Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and Weipu databases. Statistical analysis was performed using Revman 5.2 and Stata 12.0. The strength of the association between green tea consumption and liver disease risk was measured by RRs and 95% CI.
Results: Meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in the risk of liver disease among green tea drinkers (RR=0.68). Subgroup analyses showed a reduction in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (RR=0.74), fatty liver disease (RR=0.65), hepatitis (RR=0.57), and chronic liver disease (RR=0.49). The study found a significant reduction in incidence of liver disease upon regular consumption of green tea in all 3 subgroups - Asian, European and American studies.
Conclusion: Green tea intake reduces the risk of liver disease. However, more long-term randomized clinical trials are needed to comprehensively evaluate the health benefits of green tea.
Source: Yin X, Yang J, Li T, Song L, Han T, Yang M, Liao H, He J, Zhong X. The effect of green tea intake on risk of liver disease: a meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2015 Oct;63(4):973-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.05.020. Epub 2015 May 29. PMID: 26309486; PMCID: PMC4538013.
Effects of green tea or green tea catechin on liver enzymes in healthy individuals and people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Abstract
This study systematically reviews and analyzes randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of green tea, catechin, and other forms of green tea supplementation on levels of liver enzymes. The overall effect of green tea on liver enzymes was non-significant. However, subgroup analyses showed that green tea reduced liver enzyme levels in participants with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while a small but significant increase in liver enzymes was observed in healthy subjects.
Methods: PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched until February 2019. All RCTs investigating the effect of green tea or its catechin on liver enzymes, including alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin, were included.
Results: A total of 15 RCTs were included. The overall effect of green tea on liver enzymes was non-significant: ALT (SMD= -0.17), AST (SMD = -0.07), and ALP (SMD = -0.17). Subgroup analyses, however, showed that green tea reduced the levels of liver enzymes in participants with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In healthy subjects, a small significant increase in liver enzymes was observed.
Conclusion: The effect of green tea on liver enzymes is dependent on the health status of individuals. A moderate reducing effect was observed in patients with NAFLD, while a small increasing effect was found in healthy subjects.
Source: Mahmoodi M, Hosseini R, Kazemi A, Ofori-Asenso R, Mazidi M, Mazloomi SM. Effects of green tea or green tea catechin on liver enzymes in healthy individuals and people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res. 2020 May;34(5):974-985. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6637. Epub 2020 Feb 20. PMID: 32067271.
An intervention study on the effect of matcha tea, in drink and snack bar formats, on mood and cognitive performance
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of matcha tea and a matcha-containing product on mood and cognitive performance, given the presence of l-theanine, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and caffeine in matcha. Using a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind study, 23 consumers participated in four test sessions where they consumed either matcha tea, a matcha tea bar, placebo tea, or a placebo bar. Assessments were performed at baseline and 60 minutes post-treatment. Results showed significant improvements in tasks measuring basic attention abilities and psychomotor speed in response to stimuli. However, no significant changes in mood were observed, and the drink format outperformed the bar format on most cognitive performance measures.
Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind study was conducted with 23 participants. Participants consumed one of four test products: matcha tea, matcha tea bar, placebo tea, or placebo bar, in four test sessions. Cognitive performance tests and mood assessments (Profile of Mood States - POMS) were performed at baseline and 60 minutes post-treatment.
Results: Compared to placebo, the matcha products led to significant improvements in tasks measuring basic attention abilities and psychomotor speed. However, there were no significant changes in mood. The drink format of matcha outperformed the bar format on most cognitive performance measures, especially those measuring speed of spatial working memory and delayed picture recognition.
Conclusion: Matcha tea, consumed in a realistic dose, can induce slight effects on speed of attention and episodic secondary memory to a low degree. Further studies are required to elucidate the influences of the food matrix.
Source: Dietz C, Dekker M, Piqueras-Fiszman B. An intervention study on the effect of matcha tea, in drink and snack bar formats, on mood and cognitive performance. Food Res Int. 2017 Sep;99(Pt 1):72-83. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.05.002. Epub 2017 May 6. PMID: 28784536.
Green Tea Consumption Affects Cognitive Dysfunction in the Elderly: A Pilot Study
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of green tea consumption on cognitive dysfunction in elderly nursing home residents. Twelve participants with cognitive dysfunction consumed green tea powder 2 g/day for 3 months. After three months, the participants' MMSE-J scores were significantly improved. This result suggests that green tea consumption may be effective in improving cognitive function or reducing the progression of cognitive dysfunction.
Methods: Twelve elderly nursing home residents with cognitive dysfunction (MMSE-J score <28) consumed green tea powder (2 g/day) during meals for 3 months. MMSE-J tests were performed to assess cognitive function at baseline and after three months of green tea consumption. Blood pressure and serum lipid levels were also measured.
Results: After three months of green tea consumption, the participants' MMSE-J scores were significantly improved (before, 15.3 ± 7.7; after, 17.0 ± 8.2; p = 0.03). The short-term memory domain scores also significantly improved. In post hoc analysis for vascular dementia, total MMSE-J scores and short-term memory domain scores were also significantly improved. Triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly lower after the intervention.
Conclusion: Green tea consumption may be effective in improving cognitive function or reducing the progression of cognitive dysfunction in elderly individuals, and that it may similarly reduce the progression of vascular dementia. The study suggests the need for additional long-term large-scale randomized controlled studies to establish evidence for the effect of green tea consumption on cognitive dysfunction, and to reveal the relationship between this effect and atherosclerotic risk factors.
Source: Ide K, Yamada H, Takuma N, Park M, Wakamiya N, Nakase J, Ukawa Y, Sagesaka YM. Green Tea Consumption Affects Cognitive Dysfunction in the Elderly: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2014 Oct 23;6(10):4032-42. doi: 10.3390/nu6104032. PMID: 25268837; PMCID: PMC4210905.
Matcha green tea (MGT) inhibits the propagation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), by targeting mitochondrial metabolism, glycolysis and multiple cell signalling pathways
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of Matcha green tea (MGT) on breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) using MCF7 cells, focusing on metabolic phenotyping and proteomics analysis. Results indicate that MGT inhibits the propagation of breast CSCs, suppressing both oxidative mitochondrial metabolism (OXPHOS) and glycolytic flux. Proteomics analysis identified downregulated mitochondrial proteins and glycolytic enzymes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that MGT strongly affected mTOR signalling and other key pathways, such as the anti-oxidant response, cell cycle regulation, and interleukin signalling. The study concludes that MGT may have significant therapeutic potential by mediating the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells.
Methods: MCF7 cells were treated with MGT (0.2 mg/ml), and cellular effects were analyzed via metabolic phenotyping (Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer) and unbiased proteomics analysis. Data were subjected to bio-informatics interrogation using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Stem cell activity was assessed using the mammosphere assay.
Results: MGT treatment inhibited the sphere-formation capacity of MCF7 cells by 50%, indicating that it halts the propagation of cancer stem cells. MGT significantly decreased basal respiration and ATP production, as well as glycolytic rate and glycolytic capacity. Proteomics analysis validated the metabolic effects and identified downregulated mitochondrial and glycolytic proteins. IPA analysis showed that MGT affected mTOR signalling, antioxidant response, cell cycle regulation, and interleukin signalling.
Conclusion: Matcha green tea mechanistically targets oxidative phosphorylation and therefore CSC propagation, inhibiting cellular metabolism and impairing various cell signaling pathways. MGT may help overcome cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy.
Source: Bonuccelli G, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Matcha green tea (MGT) inhibits the propagation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), by targeting mitochondrial metabolism, glycolysis and multiple cell signalling pathways. Aging (Albany NY). 2018 Aug 21;10(8):1867-1883. doi: 10.18632/aging.101483. PMID: 30153655; PMCID: PMC6128439.
Coffee and Green Tea Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among People With and Without Hypertension
Abstract
This study examines the impacts of coffee and green tea consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among people with severe hypertension. Heavy coffee consumption was associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality among people with grade 2–3 hypertension, while green tea consumption was not associated with an increased risk across all blood pressure categories. The study concludes that heavy coffee consumption should be avoided among people with severe hypertension, while green tea consumption does not increase the risk.
Methods: Data from the JACC (Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk) were analyzed, including 18,609 participants aged 40 to 79 years at baseline. Participants were classified into blood pressure categories, and a Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate multivariable hazard ratios for CVD mortality.
Results: During the 18.9 years of median follow-up, 842 CVD deaths were documented. Coffee consumption of ≥2 cups/day was associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality among people with grade 2–3 hypertension (multivariable HR, 2.05). No such association was found for people with optimal and normal, high-normal, or grade 1 hypertension. Green tea consumption was not associated with an increased risk of CVD across any BP categories.
Conclusion: Heavy coffee consumption was associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality among people with severe hypertension, but not people without hypertension or with grade 1 hypertension. Green tea consumption was not associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality across all BP categories.
Source: Teramoto M, Yamagishi K, Muraki I, Tamakoshi A, Iso H. Coffee and Green Tea Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among People With and Without Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023 Feb 7;12(3):e027508. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.122.027508. Epub 2023 Jan 9. PMID: 36542728; PMCID: PMC9939061.
The effect of green tea supplementation on obesity: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and dose-response relationship of green tea (GT) supplements on obesity indices in humans. Combined results showed that body weight and body mass index (BMI) changed significantly following GT administration. The reduction in waist circumference (WC) after GT consumption was significant in subjects in trials employing GT ≥800 mg/day and with a treatment duration <12 weeks. GT intake did alter body weight, with a more important reduction when the GT dosage was <500 mg/day and the treatment duration was of 12 weeks. The study concludes that GT can be used for the improvement of obesity indices.
Methods: Several databases were searched from inception to September 2019 to identify clinical trials that examined the influence of GT supplements on obesity indices in humans. Combined results were analyzed using the random-effects model.
Results: Body weight (WMD: -1.78 kg) and body mass index (BMI) (WMD: -0.65 kg/m2) did change significantly following GT administration. Waist circumference (WC) reduction was significant in subjects in trials employing GT ≥800 mg/day (WMD: -2.06 cm) and with a treatment duration <12 weeks (WMD: -2.39 cm). The results of the dose-response evaluation, GT intake did alter body weight, with a more important reduction when the GT dosage was <500 mg/day and the treatment duration was of 12 weeks.
Conclusion: The results of present meta-analysis study support the use of GT for the improvement of obesity indices.
Source: Lin Y, Shi D, Su B, Wei J, Găman MA, Macit MS, do Nascimento IJB, Guimaraes NS. The effect of green tea supplementation on obesity: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res. 2020 Jul;34(7):2403-2415. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6697. Epub 2020 May 6. PMID: 32372444.
References:
- https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2024.68.51235
- https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/51235/38543
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9792400/
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7796401/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26448271/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18562791/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19735169/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39253721/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35978960/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34204055/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33001081/
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4538013/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32067271/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28784536/
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4210905/
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6128439/
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9939061/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32372444/